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Evolutionary aspects of Alzheimer's disease. Major role of the Apolipoprotein E
Škubica, Patrik ; Daňková, Pavlína (advisor) ; Jirák, Roman (referee)
Alzheimer's disease is one of the most discussed conditions, due to its huge social and economic consequences. Whereas molecular and genetic aspects causing early onset of the disease are relatively well known, it still remains to be clearly shown how genetic risks and environmental factors interact to ultimately cause the late onset form. Major molecular-genetic factors affecting risk of developing Alzheimer's disease are APOE gene and its product apolipoprotein E. This gene occurs in humans in three common variants that differ among each other in exon sequence by one single nucleotide polymorphism. Similar difference exists between human and mammal APOE gene that served as an origin for human forms. This thesis discusses possible evolutionary scenarios of APOE gene and links acquired information to molecular and environmental ascpects of Alzheimer's disease.
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Evolutionary aspects of Alzheimer's disease. Major role of the Apolipoprotein E
Škubica, Patrik ; Daňková, Pavlína (advisor) ; Jirák, Roman (referee)
Alzheimer's disease is one of the most discussed conditions, due to its huge social and economic consequences. Whereas molecular and genetic aspects causing early onset of the disease are relatively well known, it still remains to be clearly shown how genetic risks and environmental factors interact to ultimately cause the late onset form. Major molecular-genetic factors affecting risk of developing Alzheimer's disease are APOE gene and its product apolipoprotein E. This gene occurs in humans in three common variants that differ among each other in exon sequence by one single nucleotide polymorphism. Similar difference exists between human and mammal APOE gene that served as an origin for human forms. This thesis discusses possible evolutionary scenarios of APOE gene and links acquired information to molecular and environmental ascpects of Alzheimer's disease.
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Hominin evolutionary development to the Plio-Pleistocene boundary in relation to body height
Garciová, Rosana ; Sládek, Vladimír (advisor) ; Hoffmannová, Eva (referee)
Body height is the main characteristic of human. It can be variable to the relation to the environment. Development of the height is primarily determined genetically, but an environment has a partly influence. An evolutionary view is very important, especially in the identification of fossils at the Plio-Pleistocene boundary and the overal view on individual development to 2.5 million years ago and characteristics of our ancestor. This bachelor thesis summarized the methods how to estimate the most accurate body height of fossil Homo and compares individuals between them. It also focuses on the geographic area of genus Homo not only on the period and if there is a correlation with increase or decrease in the height of an individual. The main finding of this work is diversity within species Homo. Homo habilis had reached the height of range 120-155 cm. In contrast, Homo ergaster measured up to about 170 cm. While Australopithecines were lower growth. Australopithecus were tall on average around 114 cm and Paranthropus exceeded them at range 10 cm. Slight differences in body height can be seen in the context of sexual dimorphism. The climate in Plio-Pleistocene had no influence on the change in height. Rather, the geographic area of occurrence of our ancestor played a role here. Key words:...
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The dietary habits in terms of phylogenies of Homo sapiens sapiens
HOLÁ, Marcela
This Bachelor's thesis on the synthesis of literature, is attempting to create an overview of our human ancestor's dietary habits. The time frame is from the oldest representative of the hominoid family, genus Ardipithecus ramidus, to neolithic Homo sapiens.This will show the connection between the changing food spectrum and the phylogeny of our species.
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